Identification of novel Tapasin polymorphisms and linkage disequilibrium to MHC class I alleles.

Tapasin is a Mr 48,000 glycoprotein and has a specialized role in MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation. It is encoded by a gene which maps centromeric to the MHC class II region of human Chromosome 6 within 200 kb of HLA-DP. There is variable dependence upon tapasin for MHC class I expression among different MHC class I alleles. HLA-B*4402 and to a lesser extent HLA-A1 and B8 are tapasin dependent, whereas HLA-B27, A2 and to a lesser extent B7 and A3 are tapasin independent. We investigated whether tapasin is polymorphic and whether these Tapasin alleles are in linkage with any MHC class I alleles. We identified three new mutations within intron 4, which are in a particular linkage with the previously described exon 4 (G16003C) dimorphism. The intronic mutations are G16146T, G16232A, and T16317A (numbering according to cosmid clone F0811; GenBank accession number Z97184). The allele frequency of Tapasin*01 (G16003) was 0.47 and Tapasin*02 (C16003) was 0.53 in this UK population. Four of the eight possible intronic haplotypes were identified and their cis linkage with the tapasin dimorphism ascertained. Tapasin*01 was associated with all the identified haplotypes, while Tapasin*02 was only associated with the wild-type intronic sequence (GGT). There was no significant linkage (P>0.01) of the Tapasin dimorphism or new Tapasin alleles to any of the MHC class I A, B, or C alleles studied or to the extended A1 B8 DR3 haplotype.